In a formal evaluation of Literature & Medicine, participants showed a great or medium increase in:

• Empathy for patients (79%)
• Interpersonal skills (64%)
• Communication skills (58%)
• Job satisfaction (62%)
• Cultural awareness (67%)

In a similar study of Veteran’s Administration (VA) hospitals around the country, participants showed a great or medium increase in:

• Empathy for patients (82%)
• Interpersonal skills (62%)
• Communication skills (51%)
• Job satisfaction (61%)
• Cultural awareness (59%)

¹Program Evaluation, Literature and Medicine Program by Dr. Bruce B. Clary, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, November 2008.

²Program Evaluation, Literature & Medicine Program, Healthcare Facilities, United States Department of Veterans Affairs by Dr. Bruce B. Clary, Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, 2011.